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To understand brain circuits it is necessary both to record and manipulate their activity. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation technique. To date, investigations report short-lived neuromodulatory effects, but to deliver on its full potential for research and therapy, ultrasound protocols are required that induce longer-lasting 'offline' changes. Here, we present a TUS protocol that modulates brain activation in macaques for more than one hour after 40 s of stimulation, while circumventing auditory confounds. Normally activity in brain areas reflects activity in interconnected regions but TUS caused stimulated areas to interact more selectively with the rest of the brain. In a within-subject design, we observe regionally specific TUS effects for two medial frontal brain regions - supplementary motor area and frontal polar cortex. Independently of these site-specific effects, TUS also induced signal changes in the meningeal compartment. TUS effects were temporary and not associated with microstructural changes.

Original publication

DOI

10.7554/eLife.40541

Type

Journal article

Journal

Elife

Publication Date

12/02/2019

Volume

8

Keywords

brain stimulation, connectivity, frontal lobe, neuroimaging, neuroscience, resting-state fMRI, rhesus macaque, transcranial ultrasound stimulation, Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Macaca, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasonography