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OBJECTIVE: Investigating consequences of early or late antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in infancy on young brain development using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. DESIGN: Most pediatric HIV/ART-related neurological studies are from neuropsychological/clinical perspectives. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can elucidate the mechanisms underpinning neurocognitive outcomes by quantifying the brain's chemical condition through localized metabolism to provide insights into health and development. METHODS: Basal ganglia metabolite concentrations were assessed in thirty-eight 5-year-old HIV-infected children previously participating in a randomized trial comparing early limited ART to deferred continuous ART, as well as 15 uninfected controls (12 HIV exposed). Metabolite levels were compared between 26 infected children who initiated ART at/before 12 weeks and 12 who initiated afterward, and were correlated with clinical HIV and treatment-related measures. RESULTS: HIV-infected children initiating ART after 12 weeks had lower creatine, choline and glutamate (P 

Original publication

DOI

10.1097/QAD.0000000000001082

Type

Journal article

Journal

AIDS

Publication Date

01/06/2016

Volume

30

Pages

1353 - 1362

Keywords

AIDS Dementia Complex, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Basal Ganglia, Biological Factors, Brain, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, HIV Infections, Humans, Lymphocyte Count, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male